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Some of the most basic technical concepts used when talking about Unicode encoding of text are to be found in chapter 2, General Structure, of the Unicode Standard [currently (August of 2021) at version 13.0; abbreviated here as ‘TUS’; other parts of TUS may also be referenced]. We have noticed that some links in software chains make incorrect assumptions about the encoding of data, resulting in data loss and data corruption. This document points to vital information and it is henceforth assumed that all service providers and software vendors take particular care in meticulously addressing these aspects of the Unicode Standard, while adhering to and implementing this international standard in its totality. The following paragraphs give only rough and imprecise descriptions of some important low-level concepts which must be considered when debugging a faulty data flow and/or conversion: software implementers, text processing and hosting service providers, web and CSS designers, etc., must all refer to the full text of the Unicode Standard in order to reach a proper understanding.

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