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Several competing systems of Arabic transliteration exist. Some are geared towards specialists and these tend to reflect Arabic phonology in a precise way, while others cater for a general readership and are consequently often not very exact. Brill’s simple Arabic transliteration system tries to steer a middle course. All consonants plus hamza are uniquely transliterated with one character, as are the vowels. But no rules have been given for transliterating, e.g., waṣla or tāʾ marbūṭa. See Simple_Arabic_transliteration_system.pdf.
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| Abbreviations: A = Arabic; T= Turkish; P = Persian | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| EI 3 - EWIC - EQ | EI 2 | Brockelmann | |
| ء | ʾ (Unicode 02BE) | ʾ | ʾ |
| ﺍ | a, ā/Ā | a, ā | a, ā, Ā |
| ﺏ | b | b | b |
| پ | p | p | |
| ﺕ | t | t | t |
| ﺙ | th | t̲h̲ | t̲ |
| ﺝ | A: j T: c | d̲j̲ | ǧ/Ǧ |
| چ | ç | č | |
| ﺡ | ḥ | ḥ | ḥ |
| ﺥ | kh | k̲h̲ | ḫ |
| خو | khw | k̲h̲w | |
| ﺩ | d | d | d |
| ﺫ | dh | d̲h̲ | d̲ |
| ﺭ | r | r | r |
| ﺯ | z | z | z |
| ژ | zh | z̲h̲ | |
| ﺱ | s | s | s |
| ﺵ | sh | s̲h̲ | š/Š |
| ﺹ | ṣ | ṣ | ṣ |
| ﺽ | ḍ | ḍ | ḍ |
| ﻁ | ṭ | ṭ | ṭ |
| ﻅ | ẓ | ẓ | ẓ |
| ﻉ | ʿ (Unicode 02BF) | ʿ | ʿ |
| ﻍ | gh | g̲h̲ | ġ/Ġ |
| ﻑ | f | f | f |
| ﻕ | q | ḳ | ḳ/Ḳ |
| ﻙ | k | A: k; T: k, g [ğ]; ñ | k |
| ﻝ | l | l | l |
| ﻡ | m | m | m |
| ﻥ | n | n | n |
| ﻩ | h | h | h |
| ة | a; at in idāfa | ||
| ﻭ | w/v, ū/Ū, -uww | w/v, ū, -uww | ū; uw; u; w |
| ى/ﻱ | ī/Ī, -iyy- | ī/Ī, -iyy- | ī -iy-; i; y |
| Short Vowels | a, e, i, ı, o, ö, u, ü | a, e, i, ı, o, ö, u, ü | a, e, i, ı, o, ö, u, ü |
Please note for EI3
● no word-initial hamzas: al-amr
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● ة is written as -a, in idāfa as -at
Please note for Brockelmann
● Qurʾān as Ḳorʾān (also Qorʾān) ʿUmar as ʿOmar (abbrev. ʿO.)
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● In titles: al- often becomes ’l-
Qurʾān references
● EQ and EI3: Q ṣūra no.:verse. E.g. Q 2:106
● EI2 generally employs Roman numbers for sūras, e.g. II, 106
Dates
● EQ and EI3: Hijrī/C.E.; all dates written in full in the Arabic transliteration
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