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5, 2 August 2021
Version history:
- 1.0, 19 November 2015
- 1.1, 24 November 2015
- 1.2, 11 February 2016
- 1.3, 21 January 2021
- 1.4, 15 April 2021
- 1.4.1, 22 April 2021
- 1.5, 2 August 2021
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In many Brill publications, Chinese text is typeset using the Windows font PMingLiU 新細明體 (file name: "mingliu.ttc"). This font, a "TrueType Collection", contains a character set suitable to represent scholarly Chinese texts and those which are more of the 'traditional' type; it does not, however, contain many historical characters.
Mainland Chinese, i.e., people in the PRC (but not in Hong Kong), generally prefer another Song/Ming-type font: SimSun 中易宋体 (file name: "simsun.ttc"), with its companion SimSun-ExtB (file name: "simsunb.ttf"). Publication mainly geared towards, and/or authored by, PRC Chinese should use SimSun.
For journals, the font choice must be put to the Editorial Board, especially when a journal is a new startup, or is taken over from another publisher. In the case of books, the font choice must be settled with the author before page layout is started. PMingLiU and SimSun font sizes:
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Mark emphasis in Chinese by specifying bold type. Because the default Brill typeface for Chinese, PMingLiU, lacks a bold companion, a different font must be used which has a bold character set. One choice is STZhongsong (华文中宋; the 'ST' stands for SinoType), a font which is (was?) bundled with some Chinese Windows systems; its file name is "STZHONGS.TTF". STZhongsong is getting pretty old, which is reflected in its limited character set (only CJK Unified Ideographs, none of the Extensions currently encoded in Unicode). A very good alternative found on Apple's macOS is Songti (华文宋体 / 华文宋體, file name "Songti.ttc"). This font collection has a much larger character set, including CJK Unified Ideographs A. It also contains a much wider variety of font weights, from Light through Regular and Bold to Black. If a typesetter has access to these OS X fonts, they are to be preferred.
Both STZhongsong and Songti have the same type size specifications as PMingLiU and SimSun.
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Fake bold Chinese characters | Real bold Chinese charactersChinese_fake_bold_sample.jpg |
Chinese_real_bold.PNG | |
Enlarged from a 600 dpi scan made of an actual Brill publication which was itself produced using a 600 dpi POD process. The right-hand character (originally typeset using PMingLiU, and artificially 'bolded') is illegible. | From a screen dump made in MS Word and downsampled to the same 600 dpi resolution as the scan in the fake bold sample. Font: STZhongsong. |
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All-Chinese paragraphs have a paragraph indent of two character widths in the first line (except when a paragraph follows directly on a heading or a line space, as per Brill Typographic Style). See § 3.4.1 Line Head Indent at the Beginning of Paragraphs in W3C Requirements for Chinese Text Layout. This is easily defined by beginning each indented all-Chinese paragraph with two 'ideographic spaces', U+3000, which are defined as being one character wide.
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Because of the smaller choice in font styles available in Chinese text (Brill currently uses only regular and bold Song/Ming styles as standard type styles) the distinction between different heading levels in all-Chinese text is apt to become obscured. As of January 21, 2021, the following instructions can be used to remedy such a typographic defect:
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一 第一级小标题 (Chinese Subheading L1)
（一） 第二级小标题 (Chinese Subheading L2)
1、 第三级小标题 (Chinese Subheading L3)
Notes:
L1: Chinese numerals and heading text, STZhongsong font (or macOS Songti bold); any Latin text Brill bold
L2: Chinese numerals enclosed in fullwidth parentheses（）U+FF08.FF09; both numerals and text STZhongsong or macOS Songti bold (any Latin text: Brill bold)
L3: Arabic numerals (Brill roman, OpenType proportional lining number format) followed by ideographic comma、U+3001 (STZhongsong/macOS Songti bold); heading text STZhongsong or macOS Songti bold (any Latin text Brill roman, however)
Should any word or phrase in a Chinese heading formatted in bold need emphasis, switch to regular type.
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